On 7 July 2020, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, a global think tank, released a report claiming the Emirati city, Dubai, of being an enabler of global corruption, crime and illicit financial flows. It stated that the global corrupt and criminal actors either operated through or from Dubai. The city was also called a haven for trade-based money laundering, as it gives space to free trade zones, with minimal regulatory laws and customs enforcement.[48]
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Corruption in education is a worldwide phenomenon. Corruption in admissions to universities is traditionally considered one of the most corrupt areas of the education sector.[66] Recent attempts in some countries, such as Russia and Ukraine, to curb corruption in admissions through the abolition of university entrance examinations and introduction of standardized computer-graded tests have met backlash from part of society,[67] while others appreciate the changes. Vouchers for university entrants have never materialized.[68] The cost of corruption is that it impedes sustainable economic growth.[68]
Endemic corruption in educational institutions leads to the formation of sustainable corrupt hierarchies.[69][70][71] While higher education in Russia is distinct with widespread bribery, corruption in the US and the UK features a significant amount of fraud.[72][73] The US is distinct with grey areas and institutional corruption in the higher education sector.[74][75] Authoritarian regimes, including those in the former Soviet republics, encourage educational corruption and control universities, especially during the election campaigns.[76] This is typical for Russia,[77] Ukraine,[78] and Central Asian regimes,[79] among others. The general public is well aware of the high level of corruption in colleges and universities, including thanks to the media.[80][81] Doctoral education is no exception, with dissertations and doctoral degrees available for sale, including for politicians.[82] Russian Parliament is notorious for "highly educated" MPs[83] High levels of corruption are a result of universities not being able to break away from their Stalinist past, over bureaucratization,[84] and a clear lack of university autonomy.[85] Both quantitative and qualitative methodologies are employed to study education corruption,[86] but the topic remains largely unattended by the scholars. In many societies and international organizations, education corruption remains a taboo.In some countries, such as certain eastern European countries, some Balkan countries and certain Asian countries, corruption occurs frequently in universities.[87] This can include bribes to bypass bureaucratic procedures and bribing faculty for a grade.[87][88] The willingness to engage in corruption such as accepting bribe money in exchange for grades decreases if individuals perceive such behavior as very objectionable, i.e. a violation of social norms and if they fear sanctions regarding the severity and probability of sanctions.[88]
The New Testament, in keeping with the tradition of Ancient Greek thought, also frankly acknowledges the corruption of the world (ὁ κόσμος)[169] and claims to offer a way of keeping the spirit "unspotted from the world."[170] Paul of Tarsus acknowledges his readers must inevitably "deal with the world,"[171] and recommends they adopt an attitude of "as if not" in all their dealings. When they buy a thing, for example, they should relate to it "as if it were not theirs to keep."[172] New Testament readers are advised to refuse to "conform to the present age"[173] and not to be ashamed to be peculiar or singular.[174] They are advised not be friends of the corrupt world, because "friendship with the world is enmity with God."[175] They are advised not to love the corrupt world or the things of the world.[176] The rulers of this world, Paul explains, "are coming to nothing"[177] While readers must obey corrupt rulers in order to live in the world,[178] the spirit is subject to no law but to love God and love our neighbors as ourselves.[179] New Testament readers are advised to adopt a disposition in which they are "in the world, but not of the world."[180] This disposition, Paul claims, shows us a way to escape "slavery to corruption" and experience the freedom and glory of being innocent "children of God".[181]
The Center for International Higher Education has a close partnership with University World News (UWN), the global online publication that provides its readers with a free newspaper on higher education. UWN links its readers to International Higher Education (IHE).
49. We will continue to lead by example through strengthening and implementing our obligations and commitments to anti-corruption efforts including through legally binding instruments, while renewing our commitment to zero tolerance for corruption. We emphasize the importance of transparency and accountability for both public and private sector as a crucial part of a collective recovery effort. We underscore the important role of auditing as well as public participation and anti-corruption education in preventing and tackling any form of corruption. We recall our commitments and call on all countries to criminalise bribery, including bribery of foreign public officials, and effectively prevent, combat, detect, investigate, prosecute and sanction bribery. We will further work to strengthen international cooperation and legal frameworks to combat economic crimes including corruption related to organized crime and money laundering, including, on a voluntary basis, through existing networks and initiatives such as GlobE and the G20 Denial of Entry Experts Network. We will share information on our actions towards criminalising foreign bribery and enforcing foreign bribery legislation in line with Article 16 of UNCAC, and look forward to enlarging participation to the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention, as appropriate. We reaffirm our commitment to deny safe haven to corruption offenders and their assets, in accordance to domestic laws. We also recognize the importance of mitigating corruption risk in all sectors. We will further strengthen our engagement with and promote active participation by stakeholders such as academia, civil society, media and the private sector, including to advance a culture of integrity.
This does not have to be the case, and in fact, it should not be the case. Our research in Egypt, Zimbabwe, and India shows that organizations should view the prospect of building a strong ethical reputation in such environments as an opportunity, and consider the costs of resisting corruption as an investment in building such a reputation. Moreover, our research illuminates specific steps companies can take to maintain high ethical standards in environments where corruption seems widespread. We also find that these steps are most effective in countries with a free and plural press, an independent judiciary, and a potential for collective action (such as a community that can be appealed to or organized, such as a religious community, a civic organization, or a trade association). When these conditions are in place, it will be easier for an organization to take a firm stance against corruption, especially political corruption.
Abstract:The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of several macroeconomic variables consisting of gross domestic products (GDP) per capita, economic openness, government effectiveness index, inflation, and the level of education on the corruption index in G20 member countries. This study focused on the effect of education on the level of corruption in the G20 member countries by treating other macroeconomic variables as control variables that were not analyzed in depth. This research used mixed methods with multiple regression with two stage least square (2SLS) estimation method followed by phenomenological analysis. This study found that primary education enrolment and the lifelong learning index did not significantly influence the level of corruption for all G20 member countries, developed member countries, and developing member countries. Secondary education enrolment showed a negative and significant influence on the level of corruption in all categories of countries (all members, developing, and developed countries). Tertiary education enrolment had a negative and significant influence on the level of corruption in all members and developing countries, but had a positive influence in the developed countries. GDP per capita had a contrasting influence: negative and significant influence in the developed countries, but positive and significant influence in the developing countries. Similar to secondary education, the government effectiveness index had a negative and significant influence in all categories of countries (all members, developing, and developed countries). In contrast, inflation and economic openness had a positive and significant influence on the level of corruption, but only in developing countries. The policy implication of this study is the prioritization of secondary education to tackle corruption problems.Keywords: G20; macroeconomic; gross domestic products (GDP); corruption; educationJEL Classification Code:B22; D73; E02; E60
What if the regulators and rule makers are corrupt to the core ? That would make corrupt rules and regulations, which my country greatly suffers from this. First of all we should change the education of people. Even kids are corrupt these days. They see each other rivals to destroy rather than partners to build a better world and these people will make the future regulators. In the future, they will probably see any other counter opinion as rivalry so they will do whatever they can to perish that opinion. That makes the corruption and this is what we are living right now. For example : the diesel engine scandals. All of the companies lied about CO2 emissions but none of them stepped up for change. The worst thing is their governments supported them too just because other countries also do the same thing. I mean world governments are seriously act like spoiled kids. Nobody wants to take the lead but waiting for corruption to end. That proves that human kind is still primitive. We are like savages with fancy toys. 2ff7e9595c
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